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BML FPGA Design Tutorial Part-16ofN : Test Benches
2024.09.29 : I’m BSEE Kevin Hubbard from Seattle, WA. I design digital logic circuits. My journey started more than 40 years ago designing digital circuit boards. My first was a simple 5V TTL logic plug-in expansion board for my 8-bit Apple ][+ computer as a teenager in the 1980’s. In the 1990’s I eventually transitioned ( and got paid! ) to design chips – PALs, CPLDs, early sub-micron (350nm) FPGAs and eventually digital ASICs (250nm, 180nm ) during the LSI Logic heyday years of late 1990’s to early 2000’s.
I have circled back to FPGAs these days, but now deep sub-micron...
Reverse-engineering a three-axis attitude indicator from the F-4 fighter plane
https://invidious.privacyredirect.com/watch?v=uKzj5shVtlo

We recently received an attitude indicator for the F-4 fighter plane, an instrument that uses a rotating ball to show the aircraft's orientation and direction. In a normal aircraft, the artificial horizon shows the orientation in two axes (pitch and roll), but the F-4 indicator uses a rotating ball to show the orientation in three axes, adding azimuth (yaw).1 It wasn't obvious to me how the ball could rotate in three axes: how could it turn in every direction and still remain attached to the instrument?
The attitude indicator. The "W" forms a stylized aircraft. In this case, it indicates that the aircraft is climbing slightly....Inside a ferroelectric RAM chip

Ferroelectric memory (FRAM) is an interesting storage technique that stores bits in a special "ferroelectric" material. Ferroelectric memory is nonvolatile like flash memory, able to hold its data for decades. But, unlike flash, ferroelectric memory can write data rapidly. Moreover, FRAM is much more durable than flash and can be be written trillions of times. With these advantages, you might wonder why FRAM isn't more popular. The problem is that FRAM is much more expensive than flash, so it is only used in niche applications.
Die of the Ramtron FM24C64 FRAM chip. (Click this image (or any other) for a larger version.)This post takes a...
Soil Monitoring for Conservation, Australia
Measuring changing in soil properties can indicate soil and ecosystem health, informing conservation land management practises.
The post Soil Monitoring for Conservation, Australia first appeared on Freaklabs.
The post Soil Monitoring for Conservation, Australia appeared first on Freaklabs.
GPS and Septage Level Monitoring on Trucks, Egypt
In almost all of the projects we work on, the technology problem is the easiest one to solve.
The post GPS and Septage Level Monitoring on Trucks, Egypt first appeared on Freaklabs.
The post GPS and Septage Level Monitoring on Trucks, Egypt appeared first on Freaklabs.
Monitoring Water Levels in Rice Paddy Fields, Philippines
By reducing the amount of water used in growing, and monitoring the water levels in the rice paddy fields, irrigation can be managed more efficiently and predictably.
The post Monitoring Water Levels in Rice Paddy Fields, Philippines first appeared on Freaklabs.
The post Monitoring Water Levels in Rice Paddy Fields, Philippines appeared first on Freaklabs.
Water Monitoring & Workshops, The Himalayas
Ownership over a system is critical as many projects fail after the implementors leave.
The post Water Monitoring & Workshops, The Himalayas first appeared on Freaklabs.
The post Water Monitoring & Workshops, The Himalayas appeared first on Freaklabs.
Test-2
Test except
The post Test-2 first appeared on Freaklabs.
The post Test-2 appeared first on Freaklabs.
Cynthion is Here!

We’re pleased to announce that Cynthion is now available for purchase from our authorized resellers! This FPGA-based hardware platform from Great Scott Gadgets powered by LUNA gateware is your new go-to tool for discovering and exploring the world of USB at a fraction of the cost of existing High Speed USB analyzers. Whether you’re experienced with USB or you’re new and learning about it, Cynthion is a great multipurpose addition to your hardware experimentation toolbox! We’ve also developed custom open-source software tools that work with Cynthion:
Packetry is a fast and intuitive open-source software that allows you to capture and analyze...
Omega2S Modules Now TELEC Certified for Use in Japan

Onion’s global expansion continues, and we’re excited to announce that the Omega2S surface mount modules have received TELEC certification for use in Japan. This means that our customers can now easily integrate Omega2S modules into their connected devices and launch products in the Japanese market with full regulatory compliance.
Our mission is to offer computing and connectivity solutions that streamline the development of connected devices. The TELEC certification for the Omega2S is an important milestone in helping our customers build, certify, and launch IoT products in the Japanese market with minimized development cycles and reduced regulatory hurdles.
TELEC Certification
The Omega2S (OM-O2S) and...